Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C) and line a baking sheet with parchment paper or aluminum foil.
Pat the salmon fillets dry with paper towels and season evenly with salt and pepper.
In a small bowl, whisk together the brown sugar, soy sauce, olive oil, lemon juice, and minced garlic until the sugar is largely dissolved.
Place the salmon fillets on the prepared baking sheet and brush the glaze generously over the top and sides of each fillet.
Bake for 12 to 15 minutes, or until the salmon flakes easily with a fork and reaches an internal temperature of 145°F (63°C).
Optional: Set the oven to broil for the last 1 to 2 minutes to further caramelize the brown sugar glaze.
Remove from the oven and let rest for 2 minutes before serving.