Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil and cook linguine according to package directions until al dente. Reserve 1/2 cup of pasta water before draining.
Season chicken pieces with salt and black pepper.
In a large skillet over medium-high heat, melt 1 tablespoon of the butter and sear chicken until golden brown and cooked through, approximately 6-8 minutes. Remove chicken and set aside.
Reduce skillet heat to medium. Add the remaining butter to the pan.
Stir in minced garlic and cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
Whisk in Dijon mustard, lemon zest, lemon juice, red pepper flakes, smoked paprika, parsley, chives, and thyme until well combined.
Slowly whisk in heavy cream and simmer for 2 minutes to slightly thicken.
Return the cooked chicken and linguine to the skillet.
Add the grated Parmesan cheese and toss thoroughly to coat, adding reserved pasta water as needed to reach a glossy sauce consistency.
Serve immediately, garnished with additional fresh herbs if desired.