In a large bowl, sift together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt to ensure even distribution of leavening agents.
In a separate vessel, whisk together the buttermilk, egg, melted butter, lemon zest, lemon juice, and vanilla extract until a stable emulsion is formed.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and whisk manually until just combined; ensure small lumps remain to prevent gluten over-development.
Gently fold the blueberries into the batter using a silicone spatula to maintain berry integrity.
Heat a non-stick griddle to 375°F (190°C) and apply a thin film of vegetable oil.
Portion the batter onto the griddle using a 1/4-cup measuring tool to ensure uniform heat penetration.
Heat until atmospheric bubbles form on the surface and the edges show a matte finish, approximately 2-3 minutes.
Flip the pancakes using a flat spatula and cook the reverse side for 1-2 minutes until an internal temperature of 190°F (88°C) is reached.
Transfer to a wire rack to prevent steam-induced softening before service.