Preheat oven to 425°F (220°C) and line a large baking sheet with parchment paper.
In a large mixing bowl, toss the broccoli florets with olive oil, minced garlic, salt, and pepper until evenly coated.
Spread the broccoli in a single layer on the prepared baking sheet, ensuring no overcrowding to allow for proper browning.
Roast in the preheated oven for 15 minutes.
Remove the baking sheet, sprinkle the grated Parmesan cheese over the broccoli, and return to the oven for an additional 5 minutes or until the cheese is melted and the broccoli edges are crisp.
Remove from oven, drizzle with fresh lemon juice, and serve immediately.